Observation of Edge Magnetoplasmon Squeezing in a Quantum Hall Conductor.

Squeezing of the quadratures of the electromagnetic field has been extensively studied in optics and microwaves. However, previous works focused on the generation of squeezed states in a low impedance (Z_{0}≈50 Ω) environment. We report here on the demonstration of the squeezing of bosonic edge magnetoplasmon modes in a quantum Hall conductor whose characteristic impedance is set by the quantum of resistance (R_{K}≈25 kΩ), offering the possibility of an enhanced coupling to low-dimensional quantum conductors. By applying a combination of dc and ac drives to a quantum point contact, we demonstrate squeezing and observe a noise reduction 18% below the vacuum fluctuations. This level of squeezing can be improved by using more complex conductors, such as ac driven quantum dots or mesoscopic capacitors.

A Questionnaire Survey of Personal and Occupational Variables Associated With SARS-COV-2 Infection in Health Care Personnel of the Spanish Central Military Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Spain is the country with the highest number of health care workers affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection in health care worker (HCW) at the Gómez Ulla Military Hospital (HCDGU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted during the first outbreak of COVID 19 at GUMH. The study was extended to the total number of HCW in the hospital who met the inclusion criteria. Health care worker of the HCDGU were civilian and military personnel that included nursing and medicine students of Spanish Military Academy, medicine specialty residents, and nursing residents of Medical Surgical Specialty in Operations (EMQO). A questionnaire of 33 items was prepared. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to the entire population of study. With this questionnaire personnel were classified into sick (cases) or healthy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: One hundred fifty professionals answered the questionnaire. Cases were defined as those who tested positive in the diagnostic tests (n = 28, 20.7%) and no cases were those who tested negative (n = 107, 79.3%). Therefore, the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 in the GUMH was 20.7%. Of the total number of cases, 64.3% were men (P < .05), with a mean age of 47.1 years (SD 13.3), a mean BMI of 25.3 (SD 3.8), and 48.2% being overweight. Of the total cases, 59.3% had "A" blood group type and 69.2% were Rh positive. 50% were physicians, 32.1% were nurses, and 17.9% were auxiliary nurses (P < .05). Cases and controls with vitamin D deficiency and who took supplements had a lower risk of suffering COVID-19, with significant differences. Fever, cough, and diarrhea were found in at least 50% of the samples with significant differences.

Risk factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly persons in military Hospital Central de la Defensa «Gómez Ulla»

Antecedents and objectives: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive and generalized decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength and decreased physical performance. Associated factors are age, diet, sedentary lifestyle and chronic diseases. Very few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of sarcopenia in hospitalized elderly. The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and identify the associated factors among elderly patients hospitalized in Madrid, Spain.Material y Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla” during the period from March to September 2018. 295 patients with ages greater than or equal to 65 participated. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP2 criterion measuring muscle mass, muscle strength and functionality.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia was 28.5% (95% CI 23.3-33.7), without significant differences between men and women. The Body Mass Index, hospital stay, alcohol consumption, smoke, physical activity, frequency of physical activity and strength of muscle mass, muscle strenght and funcionality presented an association with the sarcopenia.Conclusions:The prevalence was higher than other studies. The body mass index was significantly higher in subjects with sarcopenia. A higher proportion of smoking was found in subjects without sarcopenia. Likewise, an association was found between physical exercise and a lower prevalence of sarcopenia. (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos: La sarcopenia es un síndrome caracterizado por la disminución progresiva y generalizada de la masa muscular esquelética, la fuerza y ​​la disminución del rendimiento físico. Los factores asociados son la edad, la dieta, el sedentarismo y las enfermedades crónicas. Se han realizado muy pocos estudios sobre la epidemiología de la sarcopenia en ancianos hospitalizados. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la prevalencia de sarcopenia e identificar los factores asociados entre pacientes ancianos hospitalizados en Madrid, España.Material y Métodos:Se realizó un estudio transversal en el Hospital Central de la Defensa «Gómez Ulla» durante el periodo de marzo a septiembre de 2018. Participaron 295 pacientes con edades mayores o iguales a 65 años. La sarcopenia se definió según el criterio EWGSOP2 que mide la masa muscular, la fuerza muscular y la funcionalidad.Resultados:La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue del 28,5 % (IC 95 % 23,3-33,7), sin diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres. El índice de masa corporal, estancia hospitalaria, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, actividad física, frecuencia de actividad física y fuerza de masa muscular, fuerza muscular y funcionalidad presentaron asociación con sarcopenia.Conclusiones:La prevalencia fue superior a otros estudios. El índice de masa corporal fue significativamente mayor en sujetos con sarcopenia. Se encontró una mayor proporción de fumadores en sujetos sin sarcopenia. Asimismo, se encontró asociación entre el ejercicio físico y una menor prevalencia de sarcopenia. (AU)

Hypereosinophilic syndrome with cardiac infiltration and congestive heart failure in a cat.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is an uncommon disorder in the cat. It is a heterogeneous group of conditions defined by a persistent hypereosinophilia associated with organ damage directly attributable to tissue hypereosinophilia. A seven-year-old castrated domestic shorthair cat presented to the emergency service for dyspnea. Initial physical examination identified the presence of a grade III/VI systolic left parasternal murmur with no gallop or arrhythmia. A snap N-terminal-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide was abnormal, and a point-of-care ultrasound revealed mild pleural effusion, scant pericardial effusion, and an enlarged left atrium. There was leukemia (72.35 K/uL, reference range 4.5-15.7 K/uL) predominated by eosinophilia (33.84 K/uL; reference range 0-1.9 K/uL). On echocardiogram, there was concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular walls with irregular endocardial borders. The left atrium was enlarged with evidence of spontaneous echogenic contrast. The mitral valve was thickened with a vegetative lesion on the anterior leaflet. Despite treatment, the patient experienced cardiopulmonary arrest, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful. Complete necropsy with histopathology revealed eosinophilic infiltrates in multiple organs and the presence of a severe, acute-on-chronic, fibrinous, and eosinophilic-granulomatous endomyocarditis with mural thrombosis and marked endocardial fibrosis. This case represents an unusual presentation of the hypereosinophilic syndrome in the cat with cardiac involvement and congestive heart failure as a primary clinical sign.

Sensibilidad a la ansiedad y adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas. El rol protector de la dureza mental / Sensibilidade à ansiedade e dependência de jogos de vídeo em atletas. O papel protector da resistência mental / Anxiety sensitivity and video game addiction in athletes. The protective role of mental toughness

El uso excesivo de los videojuegos y la adicción a los mismos entre los deportistas es una preocupación reciente que va en aumento. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad es un factor de riesgo para las conductas adictivas, del mismo modo que la dureza mental, ampliamente asociada a los deportistas, es un elemento protector. El presente trabajo examina las relaciones entre la sensibilidad a la ansiedad, la dureza mental y la adicción a videojuegos en este contexto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por deportistas (n = 98) de entre 19 -51 años (M edad = 23.94; DT = 7.72) de los cuales 64 fueron hombres y 34 mujeres. Aplicando instrumentos descriptivos sobre sensibilidad a la ansiedad, dureza mental y adicción y dependencia a los videojuegos los resultados indicaron que un aumento de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad física o social correlacionó con una disminución de la dureza mental y la reducción de ésta se asoció con un aumento de la tolerancia a los video juegos. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad social y física tuvo efectos indirectos en el abuso y tolerancia a los videojuegos mediante la dureza mental de los deportistas. Los resultados se discuten entorno al papel de la dureza mental en la comprensión de los problemas de adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas. (AU)

Video game overuse and addiction among athletes is a recent and growing concern. Anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors, just as mental toughness, widely associated with athletes, is a protective element. The present study examines the relationships between anxiety sensitivity, mental toughness and video game addiction in this context. The sample was composed of athletes (n = 98) aged 19-51 years (M age = 23.94; SD = 7.72) of whom 64 were male and 34 females. Applying descriptive instruments on anxiety sensitivity, mental toughness and video game addiction and dependence, the results indicated that an increase in physical or social anxiety sensitivity correlated with a decrease in mental toughness that in turn was associated with an increase in video game tolerance. Sensitivity to social and physical anxiety had indirect effects on video game abuse and tolerance through mental toughness in athletes. The results are discussed around the role of mental toughness in understanding video game addiction problems in athletes. (AU)

O uso excessivo e a dependência dos jogos de vídeo entre os atletas é uma preocupação recente e crescente. A sensibilidade à ansiedade é um facto de risco para comportamentos viciantes, tal como a resistência mental, amplamente associada aos atletas, é um elemento protetor. O presente estudo examina as relações entre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental e dependência de jogos de vídeo neste contexto. A amostra foi composta por atletas (n = 98) com idades entre 19-51 anos (M idade = 23,94; T.D. = 7,72) dos quais 64 eram do sexo masculino, 34 do sexo feminino. Aplicando instrumentos descritivos sobre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental, dependência e dependência de jogos de vídeo, os resultados indicaram que um aumento da sensibilidade à ansiedade física ou social correlacionada com uma diminuição da resistência mental, e esta diminuição foi associada a um aumento da tolerância aos jogos de vídeo. A sensibilidade à ansiedade social e física teve efeitos indiretos no abuso e tolerância dos jogos de vídeo através da resistência mental dos atletas. Os resultados são discutidos em torno do papel da resistência mental na compreensão dos problemas de vício dos jogos de vídeo nos atletas. (AU)

Effects of Microabrasion Prior to In-office Bleaching on Hydrogen Peroxide Permeability, Color Change, and Enamel Morphology.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion within the pulp chamber, as well as color change and the surface morphology of teeth subjected to various microabrasion (MA) protocols associated or not with in-office (IO) bleaching. METHODS: Forty sound premolars were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=10): no treatment (NC); IO bleaching only; IO immediately after MA (IMA), and IO seven days after MA (7MA). After treatments, the HP concentration (µg/mL) within the pulp chamber was determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The color change (ΔE*) was evaluated using the digital spectrophotometer before and 1 week after bleaching. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data from each test were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: All experimental groups exhibited higher HP concentrations compared to the NC group (p<0.00001). However, higher amounts of HP were observed for the IMA group compared to the IO and 7MA groups (p<0.00001). No significant difference in color change was observed among the groups (p<0.001). Pronounced grooves in enamel were found in the IMA and 7MA groups. However, enamel erosion areas were observed only in the 7MA group. CONCLUSIONS: The association between MA and IO bleaching could significantly affect the amount of HP inside the pulp chamber. Therefore, it is highly recommended to wait for 1 week after MA procedures before performing IO bleaching.

Meta-analysis and systematic review of ADGRL3 (LPHN3) polymorphisms in ADHD susceptibility.

The gene encoding adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3, also referred to as latrophilin 3 or LPHN3) has been associated with ADHD susceptibility in independent ADHD samples. We conducted a systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize the associations between the most studied ADGRL3 polymorphisms (rs6551665, rs1947274, rs1947275, and rs2345039) and both childhood and adulthood ADHD. Eight association studies (seven published and one unpublished) fulfilled criteria for inclusion in our meta-analysis. We also incorporated GWAS data for ADGRL3. In order to avoid overlapping samples, we started with summary statistics from GWAS samples and then added data from gene association studies. The results of our meta-analysis suggest an effect of ADGRL3 variants on ADHD susceptibility in children (n = 8724/14,644 cases/controls and 1893 families): rs6551665 A allele (Z score = -2.701; p = 0.0069); rs1947274 A allele (Z score = -2.033; p = 0.0421); rs1947275 T allele (Z score = 2.339; p = 0.0978); and rs2345039 C allele (Z score = 3.806; p = 0.0026). Heterogeneity was found in analyses for three SNPs (rs6551665, rs1947274, and rs2345039). In adults, results were not significant (n = 6532 cases/15,874 controls): rs6551665 A allele (Z score = 2.005; p = 0.0450); rs1947274 A allele (Z score = 2.179; p = 0.0293); rs1947275 T allele (Z score = -0.822; p = 0.4109); and rs2345039 C allele (Z score = -1.544; p = 0.1226). Heterogeneity was found just for rs6551665. In addition, funnel plots did not suggest publication biases. Consistent with ADGRL3's role in early neurodevelopment, our findings suggest that the gene is predominantly associated with childhood ADHD.

Eficacia de un inhalador descongestionante específico con película protectora en el manejo de la rinitis alérgica. Estudio multicéntrico aleatorizado y controlado / Effectiveness of a specific descongestionant inhaler with protective film in the management of allergic rhintis. A multi-centre, randomized, controlled study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las terapias no farmacológicas en el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica (RA) son de gran importancia, sobre todo en los niños. El uso adyuvante de irrigaciones ayuda a eliminar los potenciales alérgenos y la mucosidad, y mejora la sintomatología de rinitis. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio piloto, multicéntrico, aleatorizado (2:1) y controlado, sobre el uso de un inhalador con ácido hialurónico al 0,2%, dexpantenol y goma xantana para aliviar la congestión nasal en pacientes pediátricos con RA, con un seguimiento de 45 días. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 80 pacientes de 6-11 años de edad (51 en el grupo de estudio y 29 en el grupo control). La congestión nasal y la dificultad para respirar sólo disminuyeron significativamente (p <0,0001) en el grupo de estudio. La rinorrea y la frecuencia de los estornudos mejoraron en ambos grupos (p <0,05). No obstante, la respiración bucal, la intensidad de los estornudos, el picor nasal y faríngeo, la anosmia y los síntomas oculares sólo mejoraron con el uso del inhalador. En el registro diario de los padres, durante la primera y la tercera semana, los síntomas de RA sólo disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo de estudio (p <0,0001). Al final del estudio, en la escala de Impresión Clínica Global el médico consideró mejoría en el 93,9% de los sujetos del grupo de estudio frente a un 52,4% en el grupo control. CONCLUSIONES: En comparación con el tratamiento habitual, el uso del inhalador con película protectora de la mucosa como medida adyuvante contribuye a mejorar de forma significativa la sintomatología de la RA, incluidos los síntomas oculares acompañantes

INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmacological therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) are of great importance, particularly in children. The adjuvant use of nasal irrigations helps eliminate potential allergens and mucus and may improve the symptoms of rhinitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pilot study, multicenter, randomized (2:1) and controlled with placebo, on the use of an inhaler with 0.2% hyaluronic acid, dexpanthenol and xanthan gum vs non-use of the inhaler to relieve nasal congestion in pediatric patients with AR, with 45 day follow-up. RESULTS: 80 patients between 6 and 11 years old were included 51 in the study group and 29 in the control group). Nasal congestion and difficulty breathing only decreased significantly (p <0.0001) in the study group. Rhinorrhea and frequency of sneezing improved in both groups (p <0.05). However mouth breathing, sneezing intensity, nasal and pharyngeal itching, anosmia and eye symptoms only improved with the use of the inhaler. In the daily record of the parents during the first and third week, the symptoms of AR only decreased significantly in the study group (p <0.0001). At the end of the study, the physician's Global Clinical Impression was improvement in 93.9% of the subjects in the study group compared to 52.4% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the usual treatment the use of the inhaler with a mucosal protective film as an adjuvant measure, contributes to a significant improvement in the symptoms of AR, including the accompanying ocular symptoms

Compliance with preventive measures against malaria of personnel treated in the centre of international vaccination of the Minister of Defence (Spain).

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the compliance with preventive measures against malaria of the personnel treated in the Spanish Defence International Vaccination Centre (CVI). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from November to December 2017. The population was 534 individuals. All were treated in CVI, prior to their deployment on endemic areas of malaria, with prevention measures type C and D. A questionnaire of 23 items was elaborated. RESULTS: The percentage of response to the questionnaire was 36.9% (n=194), 100% were male. Air conditioner was the most used protection measure 93.8% (IC 95% 90.4-97.2). Only 35.5% (95% CI: 28.8-42.2) of them, showed good adherence to medication. The factors that influenced in the adherence were the country and the length of deployment. It was not established a direct relationship between the occurrence of adverse reactions and low adherence to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The general protection measures against malaria were met in a high percentage, whilst the use of chemoprophylaxis was very low. These epidemiological data allowed us to know the validity of the health education that is provided in the traveller's care consultation. It also allowed being aware of the possibilities of infection and import of malaria by personnel of the Spanish Armed Forces. The traveller's office will reinforce the importance of taking the adequate chemo-prophylaxis trough conferences and informative diptychs..

Linfadenectomía de rescate en pacientes con cáncer de próstata tratados con prostatectomía radical o radioterapia y tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con colina positiva / Salvage lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy and positive choline positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan

Introducción y objetivos: La recidiva ganglionar en el cáncer de próstata es un escenario terapéutico controvertido. Las guías clínicas recomiendan el uso de terapia hormonal, tratamiento "la carta" o incluir en ensayos clínicos. Estudiamos en el presente estudio el impacto de la linfadenectomía de rescate en pacientes seleccionados. Material y métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente a 23 pacientes consecutivos con cáncer de próstata tratados mediante prostatectomía radical o radioterapia externa, a quienes se les practicó linfadenectomía de rescate desde diciembre del 2005 hasta noviembre del 2015. Se realizó análisis univariante y bivariante para evaluar la relación entre factores de riesgo y respuesta a la linfadenectomía. Resultados: Encontramos que en los pacientes con respuesta bioquímica; la hormonoterapia fue retrasada 14,9 meses comparándolo con los que no respondieron (2,8 meses), p = 0,00026. A pesar de que no se alcanzó la significación estadística (p = 0,072), el tiempo de duplicación de PSA podría ser un factor pronóstico de recidiva radiológica ya que los pacientes con tiempo de duplicación < 6 meses desarrollaron recidiva radiológica 7,6 meses antes. Conclusiones: La linfadenectomía de rescate es un tratamiento que puede retrasar el uso de hormonoterapia en pacientes seleccionados

Introduction and objectives: Nodal prostate cancer recurrence is a challenging scenario. Current guidelines recommend the use of androgen deprivation therapy, tailored treatment or clinical trials. We studied the impact of Salvage lymph node dissection in selected patients. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 23 consecutive patients with prostate cancer and previous Radical prostatectomy or Radiotherapy who underwent SLND from December 2005 to November 2015. Results: We found that in patients that showed biochemical response the introduction of ADT was delayed 14.9 months compared to patients that did not responded (2.8 months) p = 0.00026. Furthermore although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.072) PSA-DT could be a potential prognostic factor of radiological recurrence since patients with PSA-DT < 6 months developed radiological recurrence 7.6 months earlier compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Salvage lymph node dissection is a potential treatment that could delay ADT in selected patients

Salvage lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy and positive choline positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan. / Linfadenectomía de rescate en pacientes con cáncer de próstata tratados con prostatectomía radical o radioterapia y tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con colina positiva.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Nodal prostate cancer recurrence is a challenging scenario. Current guidelines recommend the use of androgen deprivation therapy, tailored treatment or clinical trials. We studied the impact of Salvage lymph node dissection in selected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of 23 consecutive patients with prostate cancer and previous Radical prostatectomy or Radiotherapy who underwent SLND from December 2005 to November 2015. RESULTS: We found that in patients that showed biochemical response the introduction of ADT was delayed 14.9 months compared to patients that did not responded (2.8 months) P=.00026. Furthermore although statistical significance was not reached (P=.072) PSA-DT could be a potential prognostic factor of radiological recurrence since patients with PSA-DT<6 months developed radiological recurrence 7.6 months earlier compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage lymph node dissection is a potential treatment that could delay ADT in selected patients.

A Potential Role for the STXBP5-AS1 Gene in Adult ADHD Symptoms.

We aimed to detect Attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) risk-conferring genes in adults. In children, ADHD is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity and may persists into adulthood. Childhood and adulthood ADHD are heritable, and are thought to represent the clinical extreme of a continuous distribution of ADHD symptoms in the general population. We aimed to leverage the power of studies of quantitative ADHD symptoms in adults who were genotyped. Within the SAGA (Study of ADHD trait genetics in adults) consortium, we estimated the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of quantitative self-reported ADHD symptoms and carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis in nine adult population-based and case-only cohorts of adults. A total of n = 14,689 individuals were included. In two of the SAGA cohorts we found a significant SNP-based heritability for self-rated ADHD symptom scores of respectively 15% (n = 3656) and 30% (n = 1841). The top hit of the genome-wide meta-analysis (SNP rs12661753; p-value = 3.02 × 10-7) was present in the long non-coding RNA gene STXBP5-AS1. This association was also observed in a meta-analysis of childhood ADHD symptom scores in eight population-based pediatric cohorts from the Early Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) ADHD consortium (n = 14,776). Genome-wide meta-analysis of the SAGA and EAGLE data (n = 29,465) increased the strength of the association with the SNP rs12661753. In human HEK293 cells, expression of STXBP5-AS1 enhanced the expression of a reporter construct of STXBP5, a gene known to be involved in "SNAP" (Soluble NSF attachment protein) Receptor" (SNARE) complex formation. In mouse strains featuring different levels of impulsivity, transcript levels in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse ortholog Gm28905 strongly correlated negatively with motor impulsivity as measured in the five choice serial reaction time task (r2 = - 0.61; p = 0.004). Our results are consistent with an effect of the STXBP5-AS1 gene on ADHD symptom scores distribution and point to a possible biological mechanism, other than antisense RNA inhibition, involved in ADHD-related impulsivity levels.

Effects of 4-aminopyridine on attention and executive functions of patients with multiple sclerosis: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: A high percentage of patients with multiple sclerosis present cognitive alterations. Because 4-aminopyridine improves nerve conduction and efficient synaptic connection could improve cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy on cognitive performance and safety of 4-aminopyridine administered to patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis diagnosis according to the McDonald criteria. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment different tests were used to assess cognitive performance. Subsequently, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive treatment or placebo. A bootstrap-t test was proposed to test the effectiveness of cognitive performance, considering a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were recruited of which 21 completed the trial, 11 with 4-aminopyridine and 10 with placebo treatment. No significant differences between groups in the initial assessments were observed. In terms of efficacy, the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in attention span, verbal fluency, planning and graphics and constructive motion. CONCLUSIONS: 4-aminopyridine proved to be an effective treatment on cognitive aspects in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Drug doses were shown to be safe with mild to moderate adverse events (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02280096).

OMW spillage control tool based on tracking p-Coumaric acid degradation by HPLC.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major watercourse pollutant agent with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. It is estimated that 30 million OMW m3 are released into rivers every year. Protecting the health of these courses against the uncontrolled discharges implies establishing an adequate legislation, where spillage control tools play a fundamental role. In this paper, a new tool for OMW spillage control is discussed. It is based on the use of a RP-HPLC-UV protocol to track p-Coumaric acid (pCA), a characteristic OMW phenolic compound, and its derivative compounds through their chemical oxidation and biological anaerobic degradation. Laboratory assays and real-life experiences allowed to determine degradation routes and apparition times for every pCA derivative, making it possible to detect an OMW spill and assess its age. Moreover, this RP-HPLC-UV introduces solid advantages over previous detection procedures, namely, quicker response times and smaller costs than HPLC methods and superior specificity than colorimetric methods. Finally, this tool was put to test in an actual OMW-polluted watercourse. In all scenarios, the tool demonstrated solid reliability.

Estudio piloto de seguridad y eficacia descongestiva del ácido hialurónico al 0.2% / Pilot study of safety and decongestant efficacy of 0.2% hyaluronic acid

Introducción: Los síntomas de congestión nasal tienen una influencia negativa en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Los tratamientos disponibles son parcialmente eficaces, por lo que es deseable el desarrollo de productos que ayuden a aliviar estos síntomas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la efectividad y la tolerabilidad de un inhalador con ácido hialurónico en niños. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio piloto, prospectivo, multicéntrico, no comparativo, con un inhalador con ácido hialurónico al 0,2%, en niños de 2-11 años de edad que presentaban congestión nasal. El inhalador se administró durante 7 días, con dos visitas, una de inicio (día 0) y otra final (día 7), y un registro domiciliario diario de los síntomas. Se evaluaron la efectividad, la tolerabilidad, la facilidad de uso y la satisfacción de los usuarios. Resultados: El estudio se realizó en 99 pacientes. Se observaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas (p <0,001) entre la visita inicial y la final, así como en las valoraciones al tercer y sexto días, en cuanto a congestión nasal, dificultad para respirar por la nariz, moqueo, respiración bucal de día y de noche y dificultad para dormir, comer y realizar una actividad física. La satisfacción de los usuarios e investigadores fue mayor del 80%. Conclusiones: El inhalador con ácido hialurónico tuvo gran efectividad y buena tolerabilidad en niños con síntomas de congestión nasal, y fue valorado muy positivamente por parte de los investigadores, los padres y los niños mayores de 8 años

Background: Persistent congestive nasal symptoms have a negative influence on patients' quality of life, daily activities and sleep. The current available treatments are partly effective, and it would be desirable to develop products which help to relieve these symptoms. The purpose of this study was to research into the effectiveness and safety of a nasal spray with hyaluronic acid in children. Methods: This was a pilot, prospective, multicentric, uncontrolled study with a 0.2% hyaluronic acid nasal spray, tested in children aged from 2 to 11 with nasal congestion. The spray was used for 7 days, with two visits, basal (day 0) and final (day 7), and a daily record of symptoms by parents. Effectiveness, safety, ease of use and users’ satisfaction were assessed. Results: 99 patients were included. Statistically significant improvements (p <0.001) were observed in the parameters studied between basal and final visits, and at the third and sixth day: nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing through the nose, runny nose, breathing through the mouth during the day and during the night, and difficulty in sleeping, eating and performing physical activities. Satisfaction of users and researchers was greater than 80%. Conclusions: The nasal spray with hyaluronic acid had high effectiveness and safety in children with nasal congestion symptoms, and was evaluated very positively by researchers, parents and children older than 8

Factores determinantes de la no vacunación de gripe en el cuerpo militar de sanidad (2016-2017) / Factors of non influenza vaccination in health Spanish military personnel (2016-2017)

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: La gripe es una de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles más prevalentes en los países desarrollados. El personal que trabaja en centros sanitarios es un grupo en el que está indicada la vacunación antigripal. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: describir la cobertura vacunal antigripal, analizar los factores que motivaron la no vacunación de los profesionales sanitarios y describir las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM), asociadas a la vacuna. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal de febrero a marzo de 2017. La población a estudio (n= 1750) fue el personal incluido en el Cuerpo Militar de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (64,0 % hombres, 36,0 % mujeres). Las principales variables estudiadas fueron: haber recibido vacuna antigripal, sexo, fecha de nacimiento, especialidad fundamental, tiempo de trabajo y existencia y tipo de reacciones adversas. Se calculó la tasa global de cobertura vacunal, frecuencias absolutas y relativas, prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson así como sus intervalos de confianza (95 % p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una tasa de respuesta del 15,8 % y una cobertura vacunal del 7,0 %, siendo superior en hombres (8,3 %) y especialidad fundamental medicina (8,7 %). El factor más frecuente de no vacunación fue no creer estar en disposición de enfermar (21,3 %). El 10,0 % de los individuos presentó reacciones adversas, siendo todas locales. CONCLUSIONES: La cobertura vacunal fue muy baja, siendo superior en hombres pertenecientes a la especialidad fundamental de medicina y que desarrolló su actividad en hospitales

ANTECENDENT AND OBJETIVES: Influenza is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases in developed countries. Staff working in health are an important risk group that influenza vaccination is indicated. The aims of this study were: describe influenza vaccination coverage according to sex, specialty and activity; analyze non-vaccination factors and adverse reactions to medications. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study from February to March 2017. The population under study (n = 1750) was officers military health Spanish corps (64.0 % men, 36.0 % women). The main variables were: vaccinated against influenza, sex, date of birth, specialty, work history and adverse reactions. Overall rate of vaccination coverage, absolute and relative frequencies, Pearson Chi square test as well as their confidence intervals (95 % p <0.05) were calculated. Results: The response rate was 15.8 % and vaccine coverage of 7.0 % was obtained. It was major in men (8.3 %) and medical specialty (8.7 %). The most frequent non-vaccination factor was low perception of sickness (21.3 %). Only 10.0 % reported adverse reactions. All reactions were local. Conclusions: The vaccination coverage was very low, being superior in men (specialty of medicine) with developed activity in hospitals

Tunable quantum criticality and super-ballistic transport in a "charge" Kondo circuit.

Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are ubiquitous in strongly correlated materials. However, the microscopic complexity of these systems impedes the quantitative understanding of QPTs. We observed and thoroughly analyzed the rich strongly correlated physics in two profoundly dissimilar regimes of quantum criticality. With a circuit implementing a quantum simulator for the three-channel Kondo model, we reveal the universal scalings toward different low-temperature fixed points and along the multiple crossovers from quantum criticality. An unanticipated violation of the maximum conductance for ballistic free electrons is uncovered. The present charge pseudospin implementation of a Kondo impurity opens access to a broad variety of strongly correlated phenomena.

[The gut-brain axis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the role of the microbiota]. / El eje intestino-cerebro en el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: papel de la microbiota.

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a complex aetiology, mainly attributed to a number of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Genetic association studies, however, have been inconsistent and have identified genetic variants with a moderate effect that explain a small proportion of the estimated inheritability of the disorder (< 10%). Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota and diet play an important role in the development and symptoms of different mental disorders. Nevertheless, no clear evidence exists on the issue. This project proposes an alternative approach to identify mechanisms by which the intestinal microbial ecosystem and diet could contribute to the presence of ADHD. AIM: To identify biomarkers for ADHD by examining the gut microbiota. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients with ADHD (n = 100) and control subjects (n = 100). Measures of ADHD evaluation and eating habits were performed in both groups. Samples of faecal material were obtained from which to extract bacterial DNA, then used to characterise the participants' gut microbiota. A meta-genomic association study was later performed to attempt to correlate the bacterial composition of the intestine with the clinical subtypes of the disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the gut microbiota profiles of subjects with ADHD and controls is expected to help account for the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder and identify new mechanisms involved in its development.

TITLE: El eje intestino-cerebro en el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: papel de la microbiota.Introduccion. El trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) presenta una etiologia compleja, atribuida principalmente a multiples genes de susceptibilidad y factores ambientales. No obstante, los estudios geneticos de asociacion han sido inconsistentes, identificando variantes geneticas de efecto moderado que explican una pequeña proporcion de la heredabilidad estimada del trastorno (< 10%). Recientes estudios sugieren que la microbiota intestinal y la dieta desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo y los sintomas de diferentes trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no existe una claridad absoluta al respecto. El presente proyecto propone un abordaje alternativo para identificar mecanismos a traves de los cuales el ecosistema microbiano intestinal y la dieta podrian contribuir a la presencia del TDAH. Objetivo. Identificar biomarcadores para el TDAH a traves del estudio de la microbiota intestinal. Sujetos y metodos. Estudio transversal de pacientes adultos con TDAH (n = 100) y de individuos control (n = 100). En ambos grupos se tomaran medidas de evaluacion de TDAH y habitos alimentarios. Se obtendran muestras fecales para la extraccion del ADN bacteriano, que permitiran caracterizar la microbiota intestinal de los participantes, para posteriormente realizar un estudio de asociacion metagenomico e intentar correlacionar la composicion bacteriana intestinal con subtipos clinicos del trastorno. Resultados y conclusiones. Se espera que la comparacion de los perfiles de microbiota intestinal entre sujetos con TDAH y controles ayude a explicar la heterogeneidad clinica del trastorno e identificar nuevos mecanismos implicados en su desarrollo.